早春低温开花植物花芽趋同进化特征研究
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中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金(HJ2010-23);国家自然科学基金(31100450,J1103516)


Convergent Evolution of Inflorescences in Plants that Develop at Low Temperatures in Early Spring
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    摘要:

    在开展泛喜马拉雅地区植物调查中发现,早春低温时期,大多数高海拔植物的花芽苞片具有浓密柔毛形态特征。该研究以柳属植物为实验材料,运用红外线测温仪与红外热成像仪,在太阳光照射与遮荫两种情况下,对温带地区自然环境生长的白玉兰花芽进行测温,观测花芽内外温度的变化过程和规律,并采用Li-6400光合仪测定不同光照强度下柳属花芽与木兰属花芽内外温度变化,分析花芽温度与光强的关系,探讨花芽苞片被毛与海拔之间的关系。结果表明:(1)柳属植物花芽苞片被毛与海拔、光照强度有关,花芽苞片上的柔毛能够吸收太阳光中的热量,海拔越高,苞片具有更浓密的柔毛。(2)柔毛能防止花芽内部热量散失,使幼嫩的花芽在冬季或早春低温环境下免受低温影响。因此将花芽或花序苞片上具有浓密柔毛的植物称为“花芽被毛植物”,其被毛特征是植物对早春低温环境适应性趋同进化的结果。

    Abstract:

    It was found that the bud bracts filled with dense pubescence of most plants in high altitude at low temperature in early spring was morphological characteristics during the investigation of the Pan-Himalayas plants.By study on the Salix,the relationship between dense of pubescence on bud bracts and the altitude was discussed;the temperature changes of inner and outer buds were observed by using infrared thermometer and infrared thermal imager,and temperature of Magnolia flower buds which located in temperate regions was measured under the light of the sun or overshadow conditions.In addition,the inside and outside temperatures of Salix flower buds and Magnolia flower buds in different light intensity were compared by using Li-6400 XT portable photosynthesis system,and the relationship between the intensity of light and temperature changes of flower buds was studied.(1)It was indicated that the dense of pubescence on bud bracts are related to altitude and light intensity,and the higher the altitude,the denser pubescence on bracts,for the pubescence on buds bracts absorbed heat in the sunlight.(2)The pubescence play a role in keeping the internal of buds warm,and to prevent the young flower bud in winter or early spring from cold.It led us to extend the concept to a larger group of plants,namely “pubescence plants”,which are characterized by very dense pubescence on tightly packed bracts of buds or inflorescences.It was indicated that this character is a result of a convergent adaptation for low temperature in early spring.

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阮勇强,张志翔,刘忠华,等.早春低温开花植物花芽趋同进化特征研究[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(4):729-734

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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-06-17
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