黄花油点草大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育
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陕西省重点实验室项目资助(2010JS047);陕西省重点学科专项建设资金资助(2013)


Megasporogenesis,Microsporogenesis and Development of Female and Male Gametophyte of Tricyrtis maculata (D.Don) Machride
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    摘要:

    利用石蜡切片技术对百合科植物黄花油点草[Tricyrtis maculata (D.Don) Machride]大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育进行了研究。结果表明:(1)黄花油点草花药具有4个药室,花药壁的发育方式为单子叶型,由表皮、药室内壁、中层及绒毡层组成;绒毡层发育类型为分泌型,到四分体花药阶段绒毡层细胞开始解体退化,花药成熟时完全消失。(2)花粉母细胞减数分裂为连续型,依次形成二分体、四分体;四分体有四面体形和对称形两种类型;成熟花粉为2-细胞花粉。(3)子房3室,胚珠多数,每室2列,倒生型胚珠,双珠被,薄珠心,雌性孢原细胞不经过平周分裂而直接发育成大孢子母细胞;减数分裂后四分体大孢子呈线型或T型排列,合点端大孢子分化为功能大孢子,蓼型胚囊。(4)在花药发育过程的不同阶段均出现发育异常现象,导致花粉败育。

    Abstract:

    The megasporogenesis,microsporogenesis and development of female and male gametophyte of Tricyrtis maculata (D.Don) Machride were observed by the method of paraffin sections.The main results as follows:(1)The anther is four sporangiate and the development of anther wall is the monocotyledonous type.The anther wall is composed of epidermis,endothecium,middle layer and tapetum.The epidermise consist of one layer of cells and still existed until the anther matured.The endothecium developed banding-shaped thickenings when the anther matured.The young anther wall has 2~3 layer middle layers and degenerated when maturity of the anther.The tapetum belongs to secretory type and degenerated at the time of anther matured.(2)The cytokinesis of the microspore mother cells in meiosis is successive type.The microspore tetrads are tetrahedral and isobilateral spore.The mature pollen grain is the 2-celled type.(3)The ovary has three chamber which has more ovule that is double integuments,tenuinucellate and anatropous.The archesporium directly functions as the megaspore mother cell.After meiosis,the megasporocyte divides into linear or T-shaped type tetrads.The megaspore in chalaza end usually is functional one.The embryo sac is a polygonum type.(4)There are some abnormal phenomena in the development of the anther that bring about the pollen degeneration.

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张 娜,赵 桦,李永玲.黄花油点草大小孢子发生及雌雄配子体发育[J].西北植物学报,2013,33(8):1589-1594

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  • 在线发布日期: 2013-08-27
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