A barren dryland cultivation experiment was conducted in 2013 and 2014 to study the effects of spraying oligochitosan on leaf senescence,pod yield and kernel quality using ‘Huayu20’(HY20) and ‘Huayu22’(HY22) as materials.Devised 4 oligochitosan concentrations are 0 mg·kg^-1(T0),50 mg·kg^-1(T₁),100 mg·kg^-1(T₂) and 200 mg·kg^-1(T₃),respectively.The results showed that:(1)Spraying different concentrations of oligochitosan significantly increased chlorophyll content and SOD,POD,CAT activities,reduced the content of MDA of leaf at pod filling stage.Spraying oligochitosan significantly increased the pod yield by improving the pod number per plant and single pod weight.(2)Different concentrations of oligochitosan all improved the fat content but reduced the protein content of HY20,while improved the protein and fat content of HY22 at the same time.When the concentration of oligochitosan was 50 mg·kg^-1,it could significantly improve the O/L(oleic acid/linoleic acid) radio of HY20.The relative content of oleic acid was dramatically improved and the linoleic acid content sharply reduced for HY22,when the concentration of oligochitosan was 100 mg·kg^-1.Comprehensive showed that the most suitable concentration of oligochitosan to HY20 was 50 mg·kg^-1 and to HY22 was 100 mg·kg^-1 in barren dryland and the yield could be significantly increased and the kernel quality be also improved.