The micromorphological features of pericarp surface (MFPS) in 20 species of Ligusticum and 1 species of Conioselinum in China were observed under SEM for the first time,and the transection anatomical characteristics of mericarps of 15 species of which were also studied in this paper.The result shows that MFPS,such as the smoothness and the visibility of epicarp cell,the types of ornamentation and epidermal secretions,exhibit rich diversity.The number of vittaes,the shape of ribs and endosperms were markedly different,which were evaluated as the significant references for inter-species identification and relationship discussed.From previous micromorphological,anatomical and molecular studies on Apiaceae,we concluded that:(1)Ligusticum was an artificial genus.(2) According to the MFPS and fruit anatomical characteristics,the results do not support Ligusticopsis as a natural genus.(3) In this paper,the taxonomic status and genetic relationships of some Ligusticum species were investigated.