Based on the literature review and examination of specimens from herbaria, as well as field work, a review on brief taxonomic history of Theligonum macranthum in QinlingDabashan Mountains of Shaanxi Province was given. The results showed that T. macranthum was perennial herbs rather than annual one. We agreed with the treatment that Theligonuum japonicum Okubo et Makino shoud be reduced to T. macranthum Franch. as a new synonym.