Under the field condition, 10yearold cultivar of ‘Abubai’ peach was used to study the effects of injection fertilizing on soil environment and fruit quality of peach orchard, which could provide an important theoretical basis for high efficiency fertilization and increasing the utilization efficiency of water and fertilizer. We set four treatments of radial ditch fertilizing with total amount of fertilizer(RNPK), radial ditch fertilizing with half amount of fertilizer(R_1/2NPK), injection fertilizing with total amount of fertilizer(I_NPK)and injection fertilizing with half amount of fertilizer(I_1/2NPK) to investigate effects of them on soil fertility, enzymes and microorganism in the depth of 0 to 60 cm and fruit quality of two years located experiment. The results showed that: (1) with the same amount of fertilizer, the contents of the total N and K were not significant in 0-40 cm soil layer during the fast growth stage of young fruit, but the content of available nutrient in the soil of injection fertilizing was significantly lower than that in the soil of radial ditch fertilizing.; The available N and K contents in soil under the treatment of I_NPK of 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil were the highest in the final stage of the growth season, significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing and increased by 16.61% and 12.56% as well as 10.15% and 23.93%, respectively. Meanwhile, the soil organic matter content of 0-40 cm soil of the fertilization with injection were lower than the radial ditch fertilizing in the final stage of the growth season and some of them reached significant differences. It had little effect that different treatments on P. (2) The activities of soil invertase, catalase and urease of 0-60 cm soil and alkaline phosphatase of 0-20 cm soil under the treatments of injection fertilizing were significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing in the final stage of the growth season. The change law of soil microbial quantity was basically identical with soil enzyme activity of the same stage. (3) I_NPK treatment of single fruit weight and soluble solids contents of the peach were significantly higher than other fertilizer treatments, and, respectively, compared with the R_NPK treatment increased by 12.24% and 11.21%. The maximum individual yield could be up to 65.25 kg of the I_1/2NPK treatment which significantly higher than the radial ditch fertilizing treatment， but it didnt reach the 5% significance level with I_NPK. We concluded preliminarily that injection fertilizing has a positive impact on soil nutrient contents, soil microbial quantity and enzyme activity and fruit quality of peach orchard, and the I_NPK treatment was the best.