Taking the Populus euphratica forest as the research object, we analyzed the two sections of Xinshajilike and Kanbaiwusitan, and the characteristics of the radial growth of P. euphratica in the middle reaches of the Tarim River. In the middle of the Tarim River, based on the temperature data of the long time series of the weather station near the cross section, the correlation analysis and the MannKendall mutation test were used to study the response of the temperature change of the radial growth of P. euphratica.Research showed that: （1）the radial growth and temperature changes of P. euphratica showed an increasing trend along the riverside of the middle reaches of the Tarim River. The MannKendall mutation analysis was used to analyze the change of radial growth of P. euphratica along 2 profiles.The result showed that the mutation of radial growth of P. euphratica along the profiles of Xinshajilike and Kanbaiwusitan occurred in 1993 and after 1998, respectively. And the radial growth of P. euphratica in this region had a lag to temperature. (2) From the time analysis, it was found that the temperature of June to September had the greatest effect on the radial growth of P. euphratica.The temperature of June to September might be a limiting factor for the radial growth of P. euphratica in this area. (3) P. euphratica growth temperature in 13-33 ℃, would greatly promote their growth. Although more than 33 ℃, the temperature of P. euphratica growth promoting role, but had a tendency to decrease. Temperature too high or too low would inhibit the growth of P. euphratica.