无核香味葡萄胚挽救育种研究
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国家葡萄产业技术体系(CARS29yc3)


Breeding Grapevine Varieties for Seedlessness with Flavour Using Embryo Rescue
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    摘要:

    为创制无核香味葡萄新种质,该研究以7个无核葡萄品种为母本,4个玫瑰香味品种为父本,配置了9个杂交组合。田间杂交后,通过胚挽救技术离体培养杂种胚珠,使胚珠中幼胚继续发育,继而在幼胚萌发成苗后利用无核标记对F1代株系进行无核性状的早期检测,同时对杂种幼苗进行温室炼苗,最终移栽大田。结果表明:(1)利用胚挽救技术获得365个胚挽救株系,移栽大田并成活182株杂种苗。(2)对其中72个株系利用无核基因探针GSLP1569与无核分子标记SCF272000进行无核性状检测,分别检测出8个和38个杂种后代携带无核特异性条带,初步确定为无核株系。(3)杂交组合中以‘红宝石无核’、‘火焰无核’、‘昆香无核’为母本的组合成苗率相对较高,较适宜做母本;香味品种中‘玫瑰香’更适合做为父本选育香味无核种质。(4)以‘火焰无核’和‘昆香无核’为母本的杂交组合分别在授粉后的43 d和51 d采样,胚发育率(6.96%~8.54%和16.92%~18.13%)和成苗率(6.45%和8.75%~10%)较高;‘红宝石无核’ב玫瑰香’、‘莫莉莎无核’ב玫瑰香’和‘波尔莱特’ב玫瑰香’3个组合分别在授粉后59~60 d、54 d、52 d采样,胚挽救育种效果较好;杂交组合‘克瑞森无核’ב巨玫瑰’和‘奇妙无核’ב昆香无核’胚败育时期分别为授粉后39 d和48 d。(5)幼胚发育至子叶型胚时最易成苗,延长胚珠离体暗培养时间显著增加了畸形胚比率。研究认为,葡萄胚挽救育种过程中,胚珠离体培养时间在8~10周为宜。

    Abstract:

    This study was conducted on nine crosses, covering seven female parent and four male parent, to obtain flavorful seedless grapevine seedlings. The hybrid ovules after field hybridization were cultured in vitro to insure the further development of embryo. Then embryos converted into plant in medium, and the hybrid progenies were detected via molecular marker technology. All the seedlings were acclimatized in greenhouse, and then transplanted in field. The study showed: (1) 365 hybrid seedlings were obtained by means of embryo rescue technique, and 182 of them survived after transplanting into field. (2) Two kinds of genetic molecular markers GSLP1569, SCF272000 were selected for detecting the cross parents and some of hybrid progenies. Form 72 hybrid strains, we detected 8, 38 hybrid strains with seedless gene, respectively. (3) The three seedless cultivars (Ruby Seedless, Flame Seedless and Kunxiang Seedless) were suitable as female parent in embryo rescue, with higher seedling rate. Muscat was proved as the best male parent. (4) The optimal sampling times were 43 days and 51 days after pollination (DAP), with the highest developed embryo rate (6.96%-8.54% and 16.92%-18.13%) and seedling rate (6.45% and 8.75%-10%), for the crosses of Flame Seedless and Kunxiang Seedless as female parent. For these crosses, Ruby Seedless × Muscat, Melissa Seedless × Muscat, Perlette × Muscat, the suitable sampling times were gained at 59~60 days, 54 days and 52 days after pollination (DAP), respectively. (5) Embryo abortive time of Crimson Seedless × Muscat kyoho and Fantasy Seedless × Kunxiang Seedless were considered at 39 days and 48 days after pollination (DAP), respectively. Cotyledonshape embryo accounted for the highest seedling rate. Besides the percentage of abnormal embryo was found a significant increase with the extension of the culture time. So the research suggests that ovule culture time should be controlled in 8-10 weeks.

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史文静,骆强伟,王跃进.无核香味葡萄胚挽救育种研究[J].西北植物学报,2018,38(6):983-993

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  • 在线发布日期: 2018-07-11
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