Effects of different temperature treatments for 3 d (low temperature, 12 ℃/5 ℃, day and night; high temperature, 42 ℃/35 ℃; normal temperature, 25 ℃/18 ℃) on injury indexes，photosynthesis and antioxidant enzyme activities of grafted seedlings with 4 species of rootstocks and selfrooted seedlings were studied. The similarities and differences of the resistance mechanism of different rootstocks to low temperature and high temperature were clarified, which could provide basis for selecting grafted rootstocks in different seasons in cucumber protected cultivation production. The results showed that: (1) the cold injury index of grated seedlings with Cucurbita ficifolia Bouché was the lowest, the next is grafted seedlings with C. moschata，the relative chlorophyll content, P_n， SOD， POD， CAT activity and soluble protein content of both of them increased, while the content of MDA was lower. (2) Under high temperature treatment, the heat injury index of grafted seedlings with Luffa cylindrica ‘Wuyexiang’ was the lowest and had higher relative chlorophyll content, APX activity and soluble protein content, while MDA content was the lowest. The heat injury indexes of grafted seedlings with C. maxima×C. moschata ‘Yongzhen No.8’and Cucurbita moschata were relatively low and had higher activities of SOD, CAT and APX. (3) The results of resistance comprehensive evaluation showed that, cold resistance of grafted cucumber with C. ficifolia Bouché was the strongest; Heat resistance of grafted cucumber with Luffa cylindrica ‘Wuyexiang’ was the strongest; Grafted cucumber with C. moschata and ‘Yongzhen No.8’ had good tolerance to both low and high temperatures. Overall, the grafting combinations such as C. ficifolia Bouché could alleviate the peroxidation injury by maintaining photosynthetic performance, improving the activities of antioxidant enzymes and increasing the contents of osmotic regulators, thus showed strong resistance to high and low temperature stress.