Geographic factors play an important role in the species distribution and divergence of natural populations in plants. Here we reanalyzed 14 SSR markers data in 39 populations from Fargesia spathacea complex, aimed to reveal how geographic factors may influence the pattern of genetic diversity and divergence of F. spathacea complex. The results showed that: (1) we found that F. scabrida subclade exhibited the highest genetic diversity (H_e=0.50), while F. obliqua subclade exhibited the lowest one (H_e=0.33). (2) On the level of clade A and B, genetic diversity was proved to be significantly positive correlated to altitude and latitude; but on the level of subclade, we detected negatively correlations between genetic diversity and altitude, latitude, which indicated that some other factors may have an impact on the genetic diversity within F. spathacea complex. (3) We carried out Mantel test and found that geographic distance may not be the driving force of the current genetic divergence pattern within F. spathacea complex. Clade B showed no significant correlation between genetic distance and geographic distance, and only one subclade in clade A showed slightly significant correlation. Future studies of gene flow may help answer whether hybridization influenced the genetic differentiation within these species.