In this study, more than 100 lichen specimens of Caliciaceae collected from Xinjiang were examined, six species and one variety were identified by common methods in lichen morphology, anatomy, chemistry and molecular biology, namely Buellia centralis, B. elegans, B. mongolica, Dimelaena oreina, D. oreina var. exalbescens, Diplotomma hedinii, and Tetramelas chloroleucus, of which Buellia elegans, B. mongolica and Tetramelas chloroleucus are newly added to the lichen flora of Xinjiang. The key to species, description of taxa, phylogenetic analysis, photos showing morphological and anatomical characteristics are also provided.