Periploca sepium Bunge is a vine shrub of the Asclepiadaceae family Periploca genus, and is a ground cover plant for vertical greening in courtyards, rockeries and forest edges. In order to explore the growth rhythm of P. sepium and flower bud differentiation process in Yanbian, Jilin Province, in this paper, we sowed P. sepium seeds collected from the Jilin Xianghai Wetland Reserve in the experimental field of the School of Agriculture, Yanbian University, and observed the growth rhythm for five consecutive years. The morphological and anatomical characteristics of the growth rhythm and flower bud differentiation of P. sepium were studied by field observation and conventional paraffin slicing. The results showed: (1) in Yanbian, Jilin Province, the first and the second year, P. sepium conducts mainly for vegetative growth, and the third year can form flower buds and enter the reproductive growth period. (2) In Yanbian, the P. sepium blooms in late May, the bud period from late May to early June, the initial flowering period from midJune to midJune to late June, late June to early July, the fruiting period from early July to midOctober. (3) P. sepium starts to enter flower bud differentiation in late May. The bud differentiation process of P. sepium can be divided into undifferentiated stage, initial phase of differentiation, calyx primordium differentiation, petal primordium differentiation, stamen primordium differentiation, pistil primordium differentiation and paracorolla differentiation stage. The above research results clarify the anatomical characteristics of P. sepium growth rhythm and flower bud differentiation in Yanbian area, and play a practical role in landscaping application.