Rhizome root of bamboos is the major organ for absorbing nutrients and water. Its morphological and structural traits are closely related to the sensitivity of rhizome root to nutrient patches and ability of nutrients absorption. Two stand types of adjacent Pleioblastus amarus forest and mixed forest of P. amarusCunninghamia lanceolata were selected, and four habitats (central area of P. amarus and Cunninghamia lanceolata forest, boundary zone of P. amarus forest and mixed forest of P. amarusCunninghamia lanceolata) was established. We determined the morphological, structural traits and biomass of P. amarus rhizome roots in the four habitats, and analyzed the continuous variation among them to reveal the adaptation strategy of P. amarus to heterogeneous habitats. The results showed that: (1) in different habitats, P. amarus in boundary zone of P. amarus forest has a larger number of rhizome root nodes and root tips, and smaller root diameter. The specific root length and specific root area of the two boundary zones were all significantly higher than that of central area of P. amarus forest, while the rhizome root diameter of those two boundary zones changed on an opposite trend. (2) In direction from central area of P. amarus forest to central area of mixed forest, the biomass of rhizome root for P. amarus decreased gradually, but there were no significant differences on biomass of rhizome root between boundary zone of P. amarus forest and boundary zone of mixed forest. (3) The habitats had no significant effects on the allometric growth rate of the main morphological and structural traits of P. amarus, while displacement of the main morphological and structural traits of P. amarus from boundary zone forest increased significantly. There were significant differences on the morphological structure of rhizome root among different habitats. The morphological plasticity of rhizome root of P. amarus from boundary zone forest were higher, and rhizome root vigor and physiological function increased obviously. The results indicated that habitats affected main morphological and structural traits of rhizome root obviously, but only affected their allometric growth rate slightly. Rhizome root diameter played an important role in acquisition of heterogeneous resources. P. amarus tended to increase the area of rhizome root, but decrease its diameter to capture more resources in heterogeneous habitats.