In this study, seven varieties of Helleborus thibetanus were used as research materials for the determination of floral phenotypes with the aid of visual colorimetry, RHS Large Colour Chart and chroma meter. We determined anthocyanins in the petals of H. thibetanus by HPLCDAD and HPLCESIMS to explore the relationship between color and anthocyanin composition and content of different varieties of H. thibetanus. The results showed that: (1) purple line variety has the highest a^* value and the lowest b^* value, the yellow line variety has the highest b^* value and the lowest a^* value, and the darker the flower color of different varieties of H. thibetanus the lower with the L^* value. (2) Eleven anthocyanin glycosides were detected in five varieties of H. thibetanus with anthocyanin glycosides accumulation, there are six cyanidin glycosides, four delphinidin glycosides and one petunia glycoside; the two varieties of the red family had the highest content of anthocyanin glycosides among the H. thibetanus, followed by the purple variety; cyanidin glycosides and delphinidin glycosides were the main pigment substances affecting the coloration of the petals of H. thibetanus. (3) Differences in anthocyanins and modification groups of different species lead to different colors of H. thibetanus petals, and delphinidin glucosides containing various acylated modifications make H. thibetanus flowers blueshifted and thus deepen their color. (4) Correlation analysis showed that the L^* value of H. thibetanus petals has a significant negative correlation with the a^* value and a significant positive correlation with the b^* value; the L^* value showed a negative correlation with the total anthocyanin glycosides content, and the flower color shifted red as the accumulated a^* value of anthocyanin glycosides content increased. The study showed that the composition and content of anthocyanin glycosides were the main reasons for the different colors of H. thibetanus petals. The interactions of cyanidin glycosides and delphinidin glycosides also with acylated modifications made H. thibetanus show different degrees of purple, the different accumulation of anthocyanin glycosides affected the light and dark changes of petal colors, thus making H. thibetanus petals rich in color.