In order to investigate the breeding characteristics of Primula vulgaris, the floral characteristics, pollen and style morphology, pollen vigor, stigma fertility, pollen/ovule ratio, hybridization index, hybridization affinity, and pollen tube observation of pin and thrum of Primula vulgaris were investigated through greenhouse cultivation. The results showed that:(1) The corolla diameter, corolla tube length, stigma height, anther height, and mid-tube diameter of long and short styles showed amphidiploidy. (2) Pollen and stigma observations revealed differences in pollen polar axis length, pollen equatorial axis length, stigma diameter, stigma papilla cells, and pollen counts. (3) Pollen/ovule ratios of the long styles were 384.20, and those of the short styles, 369.70. It belonged to the type of parthenocarpic heterosis; the pollen viability and stigma pollinability of long and short styles maintained high viability for a longer period of time. (4) The value of hybridization index of the long styles was 5, and that of the short styles was 4, which indicated that the type of the breeding system was heterozygous, with partial autogamous affinities, and pollinators were needed; the six pollination combinations were all able to set fruit, and the number of fruits of heterozygous interflower pollination was significantly higher than that of homozygous self-pollination and heterozygous homozygous pollination; the short styles were the The affinity of heterotypic interflowers pollination combination with short styles as the mother was better than the other combinations; self-incompatibility existed in P. europaea, and the self-incompatibility of long styles was lower than that of short styles.