To clarify the expression characteristics of chrysanthemum miR156 and its target gene CmSPL13 in response to stress and growth and development, this study obtained the promoter sequence of MiR156 by high-fidelity PCR amplification and analyzed the sequence characteristics using chrysanthemum ‘Jinba’ as the plant material. Though hormone (methyl jasmonate, methyl salicylic acid, anxin NAA) and stress (drought, salt) treatments, the response and expression characteristics of chrysanthemum miR156 and the target gene CmSPL13 to hormone and stress were analyzed. The relationship between miR156 expression characteristics and flowering time under sucrose treatment was analyzed, which laid a foundation for the molecular mechanism of miR156 involved in the growth and development of chrysanthemum and response to stress. The results show that: (1) the MiR156 promoter was successfully cloned, which contains cis-acting elements in response to hormones including jasmonic acid, salicylic acid and auxin, anaerobic induction, drought induction and other stresses, light response and so on. (2) Under methyl jasmonate treatment, the expression level of miR156 was significantly up-regulated from 0 to 3 h, and the expression level gradually decreased after 3 h, showing a trend of first increasing and then decreasing. The expression of the target gene CmSPL13 showed a trend of first decreasing and then rising, reaching a peak at 12 h; under melhyl salicylic acid and auxin NAA treatments, the expression of miR156 decreased significantly at 3 h, then increased gradually, reached a peak at 6-12 h, and then gradually decreased, the expression of CmSPL13 has the opposite trend of miR156; under PEG treatment, the expression level of miR156 was lower than that before treatment, and gradually down-regulated from 6 to 24 h, the target gene CmSPL13 was significantly upregulated from 6 to 12 h treatment; under salt treatment, the expression level of miR156 was significantly up-regulated from 0 to 3 h, and then gradually decreased, the expression of CmSPL13 was gradually adjusted up from 6 to 12 h. (3) Quantitative real-time PCR analysis showed that the expression level of miR156 gradually decreased with the increase of chrysanthemum leaf maturity, however, the expression of CmSPL13 is gradually increasing. (4) Sucrose could inhibit the expression of miR156, significantly increase the expression of flowering-related genes CmFTL3, CmAP1L1 and CmSOC1, and promote the flowering of chrysanthemum, the flowering time in sucrose treated plants is 2.8 days earlier than non-treated control. It was suggested that miR156 and its target gene CmSPL13 were involved in the regulation from infancy to adulthood, and there is also a regulatory mechanism that sugar signals inhibit the expression of miR156 to promote chrysanthemum flowering; jasmonate and salicylic acid may antagonistically regulate the expression of miR156 and its target genes in chrysanthemum at the later stage of treatment, and may participate in the early response to salt stress.