Lichens of the genus Cladonia consist of primary squamules and secondary cylindric podetia. More than 500 species have been reported in the world, which are the important components of lichen diversity and have significant ecological functions. With the in-depth investigation of Cladonia species in China, we identified C. camerunensis and C. imbricata as new to China based on morphological characteristics, chemistry and phylogenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequence data from Yunnan and Hebei, respectively. Detailed characteristics and pictures of two Cladonia species are presented with comparison with some similar species.