【Objective】 To analyze the population structure and dynamic characteristics in different habitats and explore the main influencing factors, so as to provide theoretical basis for the protection, restoration and renewal of the population in this area. 【Methods】 The static life table and the survival curve and the survival analysis function curve of the population were compiled by investigating the population of the dragon palm in three different habitats (broad-leaved forest, mixed forest and shrub) in Dajianshan Nature Reserve of Chuxiong, and the population dynamics were predicted by using the time series model. In order to understand the population structure and dynamic characteristics in different habitats. 【Results】 The results showed that in the three habitats, the population was in a state of decline, sensitive to external interference, the survival curve showed DeEVeY-III type, and a large number of individuals died in the seedling stage. In the three different habitats, the distribution of dragon palm population was uneven and clustered, indicating that the seed spread of Minglong palm was centered on the mother plant. 【Conclusion】 In terms of population density, the population density of dragon Brown was the highest in broad-leaved forest, followed by mixed forest, and the smallest was shrub. Combined with the study on the population age structure, it was further proved that the broad-leaved forest and the mixed forest with better water conditions were more conducive to the survival of the population.