【Objective】 VQ protein is a kind of plant-specific protein with the conserved VQ motifs (FxxhVQxhTG), which plays an important role in plant growth and development as well as in response to abiotic stresses. To date, the roles of the lychee (Litchi chinensis) VQ gene family has not been systematically studied. We systematically identified the LcVQ gene family members, a sequence characteristic, expression patterns in different tissues of lychee and their responses to abiotic stresses. 【Methods】 The gene sequences of LcVQ genes were obtained from L. chinensis genome using bioinformatics methods, and their physicochemical properties, subcellular localization, gene structure, and conserved motifs were analyzed; a phylogenetic tree were constructed using MEGA 6.0 to analyze the phylogenetic relationships of the VQ proteins in lychee, Arabidopsis and rice; the responses to various abiotic stresses were verified by the quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). 【Results】 A total of 18 LcVQ genes were identified from the L. chinensis genome, named as LcVQ1-LcVQ18, which were clustered into 9 subgroups. They were widely distributed on 11 of 15 chromosomes of lychee. The amino acid number of LcVQ proteins ranged from 111 aa to 427 aa, and their protein molecular weights from 12.48 kD to 45.49 kD. The predicted results of subcellular localization showed that except for LcVQ15 and LcVQ17 were localized at Cytoplasm, all other LcVQ proteins were localized at Nucleus. The prediction analysis results of cis-acting elements indicate that the LcVQ promoters contained a large number of growth and development, plant hormone and stress-responsiveness related response elements. The analysis results of transcriptome data suggested that LcVQ genes expression varied at different tissues, which can be divided into universal expression and specific expression. Under the treatment of low temperature, high temperature, drought and salt stress, we found that 4, 3, 3 and 4 LcVQ genes were significantly up-regulated at 3 hours of treatment, indicating that these genes can quickly respond to the abiotic stresses. 【Conclusion】 There are 18 VQ family members in the L. chinensis genome, with typical VQ binding domains, which can differentially participate in different stress responses, and laying a foundation for studying its stress-resistant mechanism.