[Objective] In order to enrich the reproductive biology theory of Polygonatum Mill.?and provide the basis for further breeding of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp., the morphological structure characteristics, megasporogenesis and microsporogenesis, and the development process of male and female gametophytes of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. were studied. [Method] The flower buds of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. at different developmental stages were used as experimental materials. The morphological and structural characteristics of the flowers of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. were observed by microscopic observation, and the single flower pistil and stamen of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp.were observed by paraffin sectioning technique.[Results] The perianth of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. is white or yellowish green, and the perianth tube is slightly constricted near the throat. It has 6 stamens, the lower end of filaments and anthers are united, and the anther is longitudinally split. The pistil ovary is superior, each ovary consists of 3 carpels, and the style is equal to the ovary. The anther wall of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. was composed of epidermis, endothecium, middle layer and tapetum with one layer each. The mature tapetum had multiple nuclei, and the development type of tapetum was secretory. The meiotic division of microspore mother cells was continuous, there were obvious diads, tetrads were arranged symmetrically, and mature pollen grains were 2-cell type. There is a phenomenon of asynchronous microspore development between different anthers of the same flower and different pollen sacs of the same anther. Ovule in pistil ovary with double integument, thick nucellum. The tetrad formed by meiospore mother cell meiosis was linear, the three megaspore end degenerated and disappeared, and the functional megaspore end developed into 7-cell and 8-nucleus embryo sac, the embryo sac development type was polygonum. The phenomenon of double embryo sac ovule in Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. was observed. The calcium oxalate crystals were observed in the anther wall of the stamen and the ovary wall of the pistil. [Conclusion] The stamens and pistils of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. have more primitive development characteristics. Although there are abnormal phenomena in the development process, such as the asynchronous meiosis of microspore mother cells, the appearance of double embryo sacs in ovules, stamens can eventually form normal male gametophytes and the low frequency of double embryo sacs in pistils does not affect the fusion of male and female gametophytes.The microspores of Polygonatum zanlanscianense Pamp. were mature before the anther dehiscence, and the pollen of the previous period of anther dehiscence could be selected for cross breeding. The bundle-shaped calcium oxalate needles observed in anther wall and ovary wall cannot be used as the basis for species identification of Polygonatum kingianum.