珍稀植物银粉蔷薇开花生物学特性与繁育系统
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1.福建林业职业技术学院 林学系 森林生态与碳汇计量研究所;2.南平茫荡山国家级自然保护区管理处;3.福建省林业勘察设计院;4.福建省林业科学研究院

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Q949.7

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福建省林业科学技术研究项目(2024FKJ31);中央财政林业改革发展资金(闽财资环指[2021]31);2023年生物及物种资源保护项目(2023SWWZBH-8);南平市自然科学基金项目(N2021J011);福建林业职业技术学院校科研平台基本运行经费资助。


Biological Characteristics and Breeding System of the Rare Plant Rosa anemoniflora in Blooming
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This work was supported by Fujian Forestry Science and Technology Research Project (2024FKJ31) ,Central Finance Forestry Reform and Development Fund of China (Grant No. [2021]31), 2023 Biological and Species Resource Conservation Project (2023SWZBH-8),Project for Natural Science in Nanping (Grant No. N2021J011), Project for Basic Operation of Scientific Research Platform of Fujian Forestry Vocational Technical College.

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    摘要:

    【目的】明确银粉蔷薇的繁育系统、传粉特性及濒危机制,为珍稀濒危植物保护和繁育提供理论依据。【方法】采用离体培养萌发法测定花粉活力,联苯胺-过氧化氢法测定柱头可授性,扫描电镜观测其花粉形态,人工观察和记录其花部特征、开花动态和访花昆虫。【结果】(1)银粉蔷薇花粉开花后第4天活力最高,柱头可授性最佳期为开花后第3天;(2)银粉蔷薇单花花期为5-7 d,种群花期为25 d左右,杂交指数(OCI)为4,繁育系统评判为异交型,部分自交亲和,异交需要传粉者。(3)银粉蔷薇传粉昆虫单一,东方蜜蜂(Apis cerana)和熊蜂(Bombus sp.)为主要传粉者。【结论】银粉蔷薇的繁育机制是异交型,部分自交亲和,为虫媒传粉。传粉昆虫单一、传粉行为易受天气影响和人为干扰是银粉蔷薇濒危的重要原因;在花期释放有效昆虫和减少人为破坏是银粉蔷薇保育的重要措施。

    Abstract:

    [Objective] To clarify the breeding system, pollination characteristics, and endangered mechanism of Rosa anemoniflora, and provide theoretical basis for the protection and breeding of rare and endangered plants. [Method] Pollen viability was measured by in vitro culture germination method, stigma receptivity was measured by benzidine hydrogen peroxide method, pollen morphology was observed by scanning electron microscope, and flower characteristics, flowering dynamics, and visiting insects were manually observed and recorded. [Results] (1) The pollen vitality of Rosa anemoniflora was the highest on the the?fourth?day of flowering, and the best period of stigma receptivity was the third day; (2) The single flowering period of Rosa anemoniflora is 5-7 days, and the population flowering period is about 25 days; The hybridization index (OCI) is 4, and the breeding system evaluates it as heterozygous, partially self compatible, and heterozygous requires pollination. (3) Rosa anemoniflora has a single pollinator, with Apis cerana and Bombus sp. being the main pollinators. [Conclusion]The breeding mechanism of Rosa anemoniflora is heterozygous, partially self compatible, and pollinated by insects.The single pollinating insect and the susceptibility of pollination behavior to weather and human interference are important reasons for the endangerment of Rosa anemoniflora; Releasing effective insects during the flowering period and reducing human damage are important measures for the conservation of Rosa anemoniflora.

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  • 收稿日期:2024-01-24
  • 最后修改日期:2024-04-28
  • 录用日期:2024-04-29
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