[Objective] The purpose of this study is to explore the pollination biology and reproductive characteristics of Rhododendron excellens, providing a theoretical basis for the conservation of small populations.[Methodd] This study observed the reproductive characteristics of R. excellens by investigating its floral characteristics, pollinator and its associated visiting characteristics, fragrance of flowers and breeding system. [Results] (1) Unlike widespread Rhododendron species, pollen vitality of R. excellens was lower whereas the stigma vitality is strong, with a longer duration. (2) The main pollinating insect was Apis cerana in the daytime. The main volatile was 1,8-cineole which could attract moths for pollinating R. excellens at night. (3)The breeding system test indicated that R. excellens can set fruit through self-pollination, but the fruit set rate of self-pollination is lower than that of cross-pollination. Artificial supplementary pollination treatment can greatly improve the fruit set rate compared to natural control, indicating that there is pollen limitation in the seed formation process of R. excellens.[Conclusion] The flower morphology of R. excellens tends to avoid autonomous self pollination,Simultaneously, low pollen viability but sustained strong stigma receptivity may be a strategy for plants to adapt to lower pollination efficiency. The main pollinating insect was A. cerana in the daytime. However, moth pollination that occurred at night can not be excluded. Its breeding system is self-compatible and is evolving towards a facultative mixed mating system.