In 2008-2009 years, high-yielding cultivars 2000-75 and Jihong9812, and low-yielding cultivars Hongbao1 and Wanxuan1 adopted in the summer-sowing areas of adzuki bean, to investigation of root, growth index, antioxidative enzyme, soluble protein contents from the flowering stage to maturing stage,In order to promulgate between the root system and the leaf senescence characteristic contacts. The result indicated that the root activity began to rise at the early flowering stage,peaked at the peak flowering and pods formation stage and then rapidly declined, but the root activity began to decline later than the leaf activity. After flowing, the relationship of the root activity with the antioxidative enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity, the content of chlorophyll and soluble protein and photosynthetic rate of start leaves was positive; with their membrane lipid peroxidation product MDA was negative. Compared with low-yield varieties, high-yield varieties maintained higher contents of root activity, chlorophyll contents, Pn and SOD, CAT in the late stages, indicating that delaying or slowing down the leaf senescence plays an important role on yield.