Through the research of the specimens and the taxonomic literatures,it was pointed out that the illustration of the fruiting branch and the identification key of Ilex melanophylla H.T.Chang were incorrect.It was clarified that I.melanophylla H.T.Chang of Aquifoliaceae was wrongly described as I.robusta C.J.Tseng in Flora Reipublicae Popularis Sinicae and Flora of China.A taxonomic revision of I.melanophylla H.T.Chang was made.The morphological characters such as male flowering branch,infructescences,fruit,pyrenes and geographical distribution,etc.of I.melanophylla H.T.Chang were perfected,cymes of order 1 with 12fruit in the literatures was corrected as cymes of order 1 with 13fruit,and the identification key of 8 relative species including I.melanophylla H.T.Chang was rewritten.