Gynostemma Bl.(Cucurbitaceae) is widely distributed in the tropical Asia areas,and China is the central area of geographical distribution and diversification of Gynostemma Bl..The previously studies on systematic evolution of Gynostemma Bl.polyploids suggested that the populations of the widely distributed Gynostemma pentaphyllum have experienced the processes of auto-polyploidization.Meanwhile,the phylogenetic relationships of partial Gynostemma Bl.species were constructed inferred from the morphological and molecular evidences.The molecular marker results suggested that the Gynostemma Bl.species have the low level of genetic diversity and high level of population differentiation.In addition,the molecular phylogeography results showed that the populations of Gynostemma Bl.have experienced the post-glacial expansions,the climate oscillations and environmental changes might have forced on the species divergence of the Gynostemma Bl.This review mainly focused on the above mentioned aspects and aim is to provide the scientific evidence and theoretical basis for the resource utilization,conservation and assess of the Gynostemma Bl..