Morphology comparison,microstructure observation and extraction system optimization of purple pigment were developed with different germplasm of purple pepper (Capsicum annuum L.).The results showed that:(1)The purple pigment traits in leaf and young fruit differed greatly between 9007-2,7036I,7036Ⅱ and DZ,dense purple pigment was appeared in the front side of true leaf of the first 3 germplasm during seedling period,and was distributed in leaf vein of cotyledon and true leaf;(2)It was wholly purple in young fruit of the first 3 germplasm,purple and green in DZ germplasm of the same period.Further microstructure observation illustrated that,purple pigment in leaf was distributed irregularly or in netted vein,and was uniformly existed in the outer skin of the stem or in the outermost layer prothenchyma of the outer skin of fruit with thicker color;(3)Effect of pigment extraction in 7036Ⅱ leaf indicated that the major factors influenced were:concentration of alcohol and hydrochloric acid.On this basis,the optimal ratio of solid to liquid was 1∶30.Therefore,optimized system for extraction of leaf pigment was:60% ethanol,0.2 mol/L hydrochloric acid,extraction temperature of 30 ℃,extraction time of 1 h and ratio of solid to liquid 1∶30.