New cytological methods in ferns by using embryo and young sporophyte were provided with details.Cytological methods of using root-tip and spore mother cell were compared with the new ones.It was supported that:(1)Several aspects limited the success rate of cytological observation by using field root-tips,for the mitotic phase cells of field root-tips only existed in the spring season,about one month,less root-tips numbers (<20 per rhizome),more viscous materials in the field root-tips,and slowly growth and difficulties in manipulating root tips after their collection.Based on above reasons,a low success rate (<40%) existed in the cytological experiment by using field root-tips of one rhizome.(2)Meiosis phase cells of spore mother cells only existed in the formation period of sporangia,about one week,which restricted the success rate of cytological observation of ferns.(3)New cytological materials:embryo and young sporophyte have more than 300 root-tips or embryos in unit areas (d=15 cm dish),more mitotic cells and less viscous materials in root-tip or embryo cells,and few restrictions in experiment season and time.The success rate of cytological experiment is more than 80% by using embryo and young sporophyte.For these reasons,new cytological materials and methods could raise the success rate of the cytological experiment in ferns.