To elucidate the biological mechanism of Polygonatum sibiricum seed propagation,we applied paraffin sections technology and safranine-fast green dyeing in studying mature seed morphology and morphological changes and the anatomy structure characteristics of germinating seeds.The result showed:(1)Mature P.sibiricum seed consists of seed coat,endosperm and embryo.The seed coat is a layer of lignified cells;the endosperm occupies most of the seed containing a large number of starch;the embryo stays in the club-shaped stage.(2)In germinating seed,sections near the embryo hilum would differentiate into haustorium,cotyledon coupling and cotyledonary node.Sections near the micropyle would differentiate into radicle,hypocotyls and germ.(3)At germination,cotyledon coupling stretch and push out the germ and radicle,then hypocotyl swells and forms newborn rhizome,haustorium degraded and absorbed nutrient substance of the seed.Cotyledon coupling are connected with haustorium and newborn rhizome,which transferred nutrient materials from endosperm to newborn rhizome.This pathway provides material assurance for the differentiation of the germ and radicle on the newborn rhizome.P.sibiricum seed germination rates is low under natural conditions,and it does not emergence until the next year.In summary breeding characteristics of P.sibiricum is an important mechanism adapting the environment.