Sciuro-hypnum ornellanum (Molendo) Ignatov & Huttunen (Brachytheciaceae,Bryophyta) from Altai Mountains,Xinjiang was found and firstly recorded in China.The history of Sciuro-hypnum （Hampe） Hampe was introduced.Morphological characters and distribution of S.ornellanum,and the differences among allied species were discussed.The key to the Chinese species of Sciuro-hypnum was also given.Not only do the results provide new references to Brachytheciaceae in China,but further confirm the relationships between Xinjiang,China,Russia,Middle Asia,and Europe in flora.