In this study,two upland cotton lines TH₁ and TH₂ were employed.The anti-retroelement OVDREB2B in Orychophragmus vidaceus was integrated into plant expression vector and the transformation of cotton was conducted by pollen- tube pathway.The results of Kanamycin selection and molecular analysis showed that the transgenic cotton lines with OvDREB2B were obtained.T₁ and receptor plants were grown in greenhouse and treated by a serial of PEG-6000 osmotic potential at seedling stage.The results indicated that the obvious difference induced by different osmotic potential (0 and 0.5 MPa) was not observed in transgenic lines and control plants.However,the transgenic lines exposed to higher osmotic potential (0.8 and 1.1 MPa) displayed a significantly better resistance to drought.Meanwhile,the transgenic plants showed the significantly higher initial fluorescence,net photosynthetic rate,intercellular CO₂ concentration and transpiration rate than did the control plants under 1.1 Mpa condition for 96 h.Based on this fact,DREB2B gene resulted in the development of transgenic lines resistant to drouhgt stress.