Through a field investigation and data analysis to the only distribution area of Ammodendron bifolium population in Takeermohuer Desert of the Ili River valley in Xinjiang,we aimed to learn the actuality of A.bifolium population,and forecast the future dynamics of A.bifolium population.In this research,the size structure,life tables,survival curve,mortality curve and life expectancy of A.bifolium population were studied and population dynamics were predicted by a time-sequence model.The results show that:(1)The small-sized individual in A.bifolium population were more,namely the number of Ⅰ~Ⅲ diameter individuals accounted for 70.4%,the number of Ⅳ~Ⅶ diameter individuals accounted for 27.62%,the number of Ⅷ~Ⅹ diameter individuals accounted for only 1.98%.Therefore,population structure belongs to the growth type.However,the number ofⅠdiameter individuals was less than that of Ⅱ diameter individuals,so that the natural regeneration of A.bifolium population was poor.(2)The static life table analysis show that A.bifolium population mortality was on a rising tendency,and the number of the individuals with diameter more than 3.5 cm (Ⅷ diameter) decreased rapidly with the increase of diameter grade,namely the individual closing to Ⅷ diameter was more close to the physiological longevity.(3)The survival curve of A.bifolium population mainly belonged to Deevey Ⅲ type in research area.The survival number of Ⅰ diameter individuals was less than that of Ⅱ diameter individuals,and the survival number after Ⅱ diameter individuals decreased rapidly.It indicated that the population was lack of seedling transshipment and natural regeneration was blocked.(4)Through time-sequence prediction,the population in the future would be more aging individuals.The studies suggest that A.bifolium population growth in the Ili River valley of Xinjiang was mainly limited to its biological characteristics and intraspecific competition.Thus,it was difficult for A.bifolium population to maintain the stability.As a result,the crucial factors for the natural regeneration and restoration of A.bifolium population in research aera are the protection of living individuals and their habitat and the revegetation by human.