To elucidate the formation and inheritance of flower fragrance of Lagerstroemia and the volatile components of flower scent,we chose L.caudata(W₁),L.indica ‘Duohuafen’(C),and their hybrid of different generations,including F₁ hybrid between L.caudata×L.indica ‘Duohuafen’ (F₁),F₁ backcrossed with L.caudata (BC₁) and F₁ selfing (F₂) to investigate the flower aroma components by using headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC/MS).The results showed that:(1)25,10,25,26 and 26 volatile compounds were identified from the flowers of W₁,C,F₁,F₂ and BC₁,respectively.(2)Myrcene was the only mutual ingredient among L.caudata and its hybrids,of which the relative contents were not high [0.69% (W₁),3.16% (F₁),0.51% (F₂) and 0.75% (BC₁),respectively].(3)Main aroma ingredients and their relative contents were quite different among the parents (W₁ and C) and their hybrids (F₁,F₂ and BC₁):iso-Geraniol (26.21%),1,1-Dimethyl-3-methylene-2-vinylcyclohexane (50.34%),1,3,6,10-Dodecatetraene,3,7,11-trimethyl-,(3E,6E)-(11.37%),Cyclohexene,2-ethenyl-1,3,3-trimethyl-(14.67%) and trans-α-Bergamotene (16.19%),respectively.(4)The main aroma components of L.caudata,L.indica ‘Duohuafen’ and F₁ were fatty acid derivatives from lipoxygenase pathway,whereas terpenoids from the mevalonate (MVA) pathway and 2-C-methyl-D-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway were the main aroma components of F₂ and BC₁.