This research aims at the classification of lichens in Bayinbuluk mount,southern Tianshan Mountain,observe the external morphology and internal structure of lichens,lichens subsidiary structure,lichen reproductive organs.By using the traditional classified methods such as lichen anatomical,chemical,ecological type and geographical composition analysis and biochemical methods such as color reaction(CT),micro-chemical crystallization(MCT),thin layer chromatography(TLC),identified the lichen secondary metabolites.As a result,we found a new species:Ochrolechia upsaliensis (L.) A.Massal.new to China.The morphological,anatomical,chemical,and ecological descriptions of the species are given.Photos of the thalli,asci and ascospores are also presented.