We studied on the anatomical characteristics of roots with different orders of Salix gordejevii by paraffin and hand-sliced methods,and defined its fine root combining with the diameters and root orders.The results showed that:(1)The first and the second order roots had only primary growth.The fourth and the fifth order roots had secondary growth.Some of the third order roots had primary growth,but some had secondary growth.(2)The primary xylem was triarch or tetrarch.(3)There were significant differences in root morphology and anatomy of different orders of S.gordejevii.With the increase of the root order,the diameters of roots and vascular cylinder increased.The diameters of lower roots were mainly influenced by vascular cylinder diameters,the diameters of cortical parenchyma cells and cortical layers,and the diameters of senior roots were mainly affected by vascular cylinder diameters.(4)We defined the fine roots of S.gordejevii that should do not form successive phellogen among the first and the third root orders and have diameters less than 0.7 mm.The anatomical characteristics and fine root of roots among different orders of S.gordejevii were determined.The research was provided a reference for the studies on the fine roots and the carbon allocation of psammophyte.The method we used was important to accurately estimate the function of fine roots in the ecosystem.