The blade segments of Rhododendron calophytum were used as explants for the studying of callus induction and plantlets regeneration by orthogonal experimental design.Callus were kept at 38 ℃ for exploring physiological changes over time.The result revealed that:(1)Read+0.1 mg/L NAA+0.2 mg/L TDZ was the best medium for its callus induction and differentiation of adventitious bud,the improved MS+0.1 mg/L KT+0.2 mg/L NAA was the better plantlet strengthening medium,and the 1/2 improved MS+2.0 mg/L GA₃ was the optimum medium for rooting.(2)The contents of proline and soluble sugar in callus changed inconspicuously.MDA and solution protein contents were increased,and activities of SOD and POD were first increased and then decreased,which can be considered as the evaluation of heat-resistance system for R.calophytum.