The adaptability of Picea mongolica and Picea crassifolia seeds to ecological factors was studied by the effects of water and salt stress on the germination characteristics and seedling growth.The results showed that:(1)The restriction of PEG-6000 and NaCl stress to seed germination and seedling growth of P.mongolica and P.crassifolia seeds were more significant (P<0.05).The critical value and maximum value of water stress were -0.03 MPa,-0.15 MPa and -0.5 MPa,-0.58 MPa;the critical value and maximum value of salt stress were 78 mmol/L,148 mmol/L and 284 mmol/L,345 mmol/L.(2)After salt stress relieve,the recovery germination rate(RGR) decrease after increase first with the increase of osmotic potential and NaCl concentration.(3)At same water potential,the PEG-6000 solutions were inhibitorier than NaCl solutions to seed germination and seedling growth;the osmotic stress was the dominant restrain factor and ionic toxic action was less than it.The research found that P.mongolica and P.crassifolia seeds showed certain tolerance to water and salt stress,their tolerant ability to salt stress was strong than to water stress.P.crassifolia seeds tolerant ability to salt and water stress was strong than that of P.mongolica;Low salinity and sufficient water supply are the most important for the survival of P.mongolica and P.crassifolia seeds.