Aroma characteristics and genetic performance were analyzed in four varieties of Cucumis melo and their crossing combinations in this study.The results showed that:(1)There was great difference of aroma composition in the fruits existed among four varieties.Aroma in Charentais from var.cantalupensis was characterized by esters,closely connected with the climacteric traits.Nine-carbon aldehydes were the characteristic aromatic components in Queen (var.inodorus) which was non-climacteric accession.Aroma in Tianbao (var.makuwa) was characterized by OASPC.(2)Eleven quality traits including aroma composition were studied by principal component analysis,the result shows that the first three components contributed 77.80%.The contribution rate of PC1 was 43.37%,was significantly correlated with relative content of esters,AloPC and AIPC and the numbers of aromatic compounds.PC2 was significantly correlated with OASPC and ethylene production vate.Four different varieties of melon and their crossing combinations can be significantly distinguished by these traits.(3)The performance trends of different aroma composition were largely varied among four combinations from four different varieties of melon.The relative content of most of esters showed intermediate values in all of four combinations closed to the high parent values.AloPC,AIPC and OASPC showed values closed to the low parent values.