Sinosenecio jishouensis D.G.Zhang,Y.Liu & Q.E.Yang is a Critically Endangered (CR) species which is only distributed in Wuling Mountain areas.The breeding system of S.jishouensis was researched by observing floral morphology and dynamic,testing pollen viability and stigma receptivity,and bagging experiments.Clonal architecture was studied by field investigation and laboratory analysis:architectural form of rhizomes,configuration characteristics of rhizomes,and branching angle between rhizomes.The result shows that:(1)the flowering period of the S.jishouensis population lasted about 45-50 days and with inconspicuous second blooming.The life span of individual plant was usually about 10-22 days.For a single capitulum,it could last 3-5 days.The stigma was obviously higher than the canister when pollen dissemination.As a result,there is a spatial isolation of corolla,anther canister and stigma with in the same floret.(2)The out-crossing index and pollen-ovule ratio of S.jishouensis were 5 and 3 188,respectively.The breeding system is obligate xenogamy,predominant in cross-pollination and fruit setting is depended on pollinators of this species.(3)The ramets and rhizomes per clone of S.jishouensis averaged 3.61 and 4.74,respectively.Branching angle between rhizomes usually was 30°.The architectural form rhizomes of its species belongs to phalanx system for the branch distance of rhizomes is short,and the rhizome rupture is the result of the tissue piecing.Unique adaptive strategy had been formed for adapting to the special habitat.S.jishouensis used clonal reproduction to occupy habitats at first,and then took various measures to enhance cross-pollination rate for producing high-quality of seeds,such as mass-flowering,dichogamy,generating a large number of pollens etc.