The karyotypes of 5 types of Xinjiang European plum were studied using traditional squash method.The results showed that:(1)the ploidy levels of tested materials were all hexaploid (2n=6x=48).All tested materials contained different numbers of ‘m’ and ‘sm’ chromosomes.All tested materials contained L,M₂,M₁ and s in total 4 types of relative length index.(2)Arm ratio means of 5 types of European plum ranged from 1.46 to 1.69.Karyotype types of 5 European plum types were all ‘2B’.Asymmetrical karyotype coefficients of 5 types of European plum ranged from 59.13% to 62.34%.In summary,karyotype of European plum in Xinjiang had their common characteristics.There were some differences among different types of European plum in Xinjiang.The karyotype evolutionary trends of European plum in Xinjiang were changed from symmetric to asymmetric in general.On the karyotype characteristic,introduced European plum varieties and Tacheng Binzi had the nearly phylogenetic relationship.However,Tacheng Smoked plum and wild European plum had the nearly phylogenetic relationship.