Knowledge of the basic breeding characteristics of endangered plants is critical and particularly important to develop successful conservation strategies.Here,we investigated the flowering characteristics,pollination adaptation and mating system of a rare and endangered plant,Bergenia scopulosa,using artificial pollination experiments and field observations in natural and ex-situ conservation populations.The results showed that:(1)the flowering span of the population,infloresence and single flowering were approximately 4 months,30 d and 15 d,respectively.The life span of single flower would prolong 3-5 d and the corolla closed when low temperature or rain and snow occurred.(2)Pollen viability achieved the maximum within 12 h after anther dehiscence in the first flowering day (about 90%) and maintained more than 30% about 6 d.Stigma shown acceptance in the first 9 days during the anthesis and kept the maximum in the first 1-4 days.(3)The main effective pollinator was Apis cerana cerana.The average visiting frequency of effective pollinator was 6.5 flowers·min^-1 and single flower residence time was (11.0±4.8) s.(4)The pollen-ovule ratio (P/O) was 589.8 and the outcrossing index (OCI) was 3.The results of artificial pollination experiments exhibited that B.scopulosa was self-compatible with autonomous selfing rarely happening,and reproductive success relied on pollinators without apomixes.The research suggested that the breeding system of B.scopulosa was facultative xenogamy and inbreeding depression played a role in the process of fertilization.