By optical microscopy and scanning electron microscopy,we examined the microscopic structure features of secretory tissue in the leaves and stem surface and transverse section of Empetrum nigrum,using steam distillation,solvent extraction-steam distillation and solvent extraction extracting the volatile components of E.nigrum,by GC-MS method we analyzed the volatile components.The results show:(1)the glandular trichomes and secretory cells are E.nigrum secreting tissue.Oil cells in the pith of stem was yellow-brown color,glandular trichome in the leaf surface,it composed of 1 basal cell,a stalk cell 1-3,1-4 head cells.(2)The steam distillation and solvent extraction-steam distillation extraction rate was lower,but the smell similar to the original plants.There are a total of 10 ingredients,more aromatic odor,solvent extraction method extraction rate was higher,but a lot of impurities.(3)Three different methods contain volatile oil composition of compounds:2-furanmethanol,5-ethenyltetrahydro-π 5- trimethyl-,cis and 2-pentadecanone,6,10,14-trimethyl.27 and 32 compounds were identified from parts of stem and leaf of E.nigrum.There were 15 common components in the identified ones,mainly including tetratriacontane,nonacosane and naphthalene,1,2,3,4,4a,5,6,8a-octahydro-7-methyl-4-methylene-1-(1-methylethyl)-,(1π4aπ8aπ)- and so on.Studies suggest that secretory tissue is closely related to E.nigrum aroma matter creation.The composition and content of aroma discharge has important influence.It is the organic combination of these aromatic chemical composition and its growth and environmental factors to the formation of the characteristic flavor of the E.nigrum.The results of this study can provide reference for the research of development and utilization of this spice resource.