The experiment used the flower bud of Prunus mahaleb male sterile and fertile plants as experimental materials.The development of microspore and gametophyte were studied by using the method of routine paraffin section.We also used scanning electron microscope to observe the anther and pollen.The objectives of the study were to analysis the procedure of pollen development in P.mahaleb male sterility line,and to explore the reason that caused it.(1)The results showed that there are no differences between the sterile plants and the fertile plants in the period of the pollen mother cell;it meant that all the pollen mother cells could form the normal tetrad,and then the tapetal cell of the sterile plants expanded and squeezed to the central of anther chamber.(2)After tetrad stage,the tapetal cells of the sterile plant grew bigger and squeezed to the central anther cell.Then the tapetal cells would stick to the microspore,which will disappear with tapetum because the material and space that were needed for microspore’s growth are not enough.(3)Scanning electron microscopy showed that the anther and the pollen of sterile plant both assumed mummified shapes,but the anther of fertile plant has four obvious cavities and the pollen aperture is clearly visible.The experiment clarifies that the P.mahaleb species with male sterile is related with the abnormal enlargement and the advanced procedural death of the tapetum cells,which results in microspore abnormal growth and abortive phenomenon.The research results provided us important theoretical guiding significance about cherry crossbreeding parent selection and cherry breeding seedlings production.