The research objective is to ascertain the morphological changes of parietal cells before and after the anther dehiscence of almonds.In this research,buds of Yingzui almond were selected as the experimental materials and picked off during the four periods of scale dehiscing,small bud,big bud and bloom.These buds were cut into slices using traditional paraffin section method,and the parietal cells of their anthers were dyed with the methods of Iron hematoxylin staining,Coomassie brilliant blue staining and PAS staining,respectively;meanwhile,the dehiscing processes of anthers were photographed with the Nikon SMZ-250 stereo microscope to observe and measure the lengths of long and short axes of pollen grains.The results showed that:(1)from the scale dehiscing period to the small bud period,the lengths of long and short axes of pollen grains as well as the number of polysaccharide particles increased;the tapetum cells decomposed completely,and the middle layer cells and cells in the stomium tissue decomposed by degrees;the tangential lengths of endothecium cells increased more greatly than the radial lengths,both the lengths of inner walls and outer walls of endothecium cells increased,and the spiral fibers gradually grew;the tangential lengths of epidermic cells increased more greatly than the radial lengths.(2)From the small bud period to the big bud period,the lengths of long and short axes of pollen grains increased obviously,and the number of polysaccharide particles continued to rise;the middle layer cells and cells in the stomium tissue decomposed in a great measure;the tangential and radial lengths of endothecium cells kept rising;the lengths of inner walls of endothecium cells increased while the lengths of outer walls stayed in a certain level,the number of polysaccharide particles decreased and the spiral fibers almost completely formed;the tangential lengths of epidermic cells decreased more substantially than the radial lengths.(3)From the big bud period to the half-dehiscing anther period,the lengths of long and short axes of pollen grains increased a little;the middle layer cells and cells in the stomium tissue decomposed entirely;the tangential lengths of endothecium cells maintained the increasing trend and the radial lengths remained steady;the lengths of inner walls of endothecium cells increased continuously,the lengths of outer walls decreased little by little,and most of polysaccharide particles of endothecium cells dissolved.(4)After the half-dehiscing anther period,the lengths of long and short axes of pollen grains reduced slightly;the tangential and radial lengths of epidermic cells and endothecium cells both reduced;the lengths of inner walls and outer walls of endothecium cells reduced and gradually came close to each other,but the lengths of inner walls experienced a reducing trend earlier than that of outer walls.Thus,the research concluded that the morphological changes of parietal cells were closely related to the anther dehiscence and lay the foundation for the dehiscing processes of almond anthers.