We used scanning electron microscopy (SEM) in this experiment to observe the pollen and stigma morphology of Robinia neomexicana var. luxurians in different periods of development, and had taken photos for analysis. Besides, we pollinated the pollens of R. neomexicana var. luxurian to the stigmas of another R. neomexicana var. luxurian and highquality clone of R. pseudoacacia (R. pseudoacacia ‘Luci 152’), and we used aniline blue stain to observe the germination process of pollen tubes in vivo. And then, we analyzed the pollination compatibility of this species. The results show that: (1) The average size of the pollen is 32.08 μm×19.55 μm (poleaxis length × equatorial axes length). The shape of the pollen is long spheroidicity with three germinal furrow, a little square. At the flowering moment, the pollen grows to the maximum, its microscopy becomes full. This is the best time to collect the pollen of R. neomexicana var. luxurians. (2) The surface of the stigma has mucilage and bulges. It has much mucilage at 12 h before flowering and the receptivity is the best. At 48 h after flowering, the stigma begins to break, the receptivity is already very bad, and the whole receptive period of the stigma is about three days from 24 h before flowering to 24 h after flowering. (3) The pollen of R. neomexicana var. luxurian could germinate in both R. neomexicana var. luxurian and R. pseudoacacia ‘Luci 152’ treated as the female parent, but the former germinates later and elongates slower, which illustrates that the pollen of R. neomexicana var. luxurian has affinity with both the stigmas of R. neomexicana var. luxurian and R. pseudoacacia ‘Luci 152’, but the affinity with the former is worse.