A new record species Peltigera monticola Vitik. was identified from the northwest of China, based on morphological and chemical analysis, and a phylgenetic analysis of nrDNA ITS sequence was also carried out. It was distinguished by its numerous laminal phyllidia, often pruinose, along the margin or cracks, marginal parts tomentose, tufted rhizomes with pale near margins and darkened towards center. Detailed description and discussion with allied species were provided.