During over wintering period, with the flower bud, trunk cambium and branch as material, we determined the cold hardiness indexes, antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD), soluble protein content and relative conductivity, of different organs and tissues, simultaneously monitored the orchard air temperature and trunk cambium temperature, evaluated the cold resistance of different organs by using membership function method, analyzed the effect of air temperature on cold hardiness indexes and cold resistance of Xinjiang Korla fragrant pears different organs. Results showed that: (1) There was a difference between the changing trend of different organs same cold hardiness indexes and the same organ different cold hardiness indexes with the changes of air temperature, but generally the air temperature and cold hardiness indexes were negatively correlated; the cambium temperature difference and cold hardiness indexes were positively correlated. (2) Soluble protein content and cold hardiness indexes were positively correlated; SOD,CAT and POD activities are positively correlated, among them CAT and POD had relatively good correlation level. (3) While comprehensively evaluated the cold hardiness of different organs by using subordination function method CAT activity and soluble protein content had the biggest contribution. The cold hardiness sequence of different organs was flower bud> northunexposed cambium >branch> southexposed cambium. It was found that the POD and CAT activities expressed relatively high under the condition of relatively low temperature and intensively cambium temperature changes, SOD was the most sensitive protective enzyme to cambium temperature changes and freezing injury; during whole winter, the organ with the strong cold resistance contained relatively higher soluble protein content and lower relative conductivity; there was relatively well correlation between the changes of cambium temperature and cold hardiness indexes. Under certain condition it can indicate the certain organism cold tolerance.