Taking 11 Brassica napus L. varieties of different suitable areas as material, we examined the photosynthetic gas exchange parameters, photosynthetic pigment contents and key enzyme protein contents in leaf and silique of plants during reproductive growth period, also investigated agronomic characters, relationship between yield and photosynthesis of the plants; The study aimed to explore main factors affecting photosynthetic efficiency of leaves (siliques) and seeds yield per plant, thus elaborating a theory evidence to systematically assess rape variety with high yield and high photosynthesis efficiency. Results showed that: (1) Net photosynthesis efficiency was hardly correlative among leaves and siliques, and net photosynthesis efficiency of leaves was far higher than that of siliques. (2) Net photosynthetic efficiency of leaves not significantly positivecorrelated with chlorophyll a+b and carotenoid contents（correlation coefficients were higher）, and, not significantly negativecorrelated with PEPC, RuBisCO protein content of leaves, or the correlation coefficients among net photosynthetic efficiency and PEPC, RuBisCO protein contents were lower. Correlation coefficients of net photosynthetic efficiency and chlorophyll a, b, carotenoid contents, photosynthetic stomatal conductance of silique (shell) were higher. Photosynthesis pigment contents were first principal factor influenced photosynthesis efficiency of leaves and silique. (3) Leaf area, silique number and silique surface area significantly correlated with seeds yield of rape plant. These indexes were attributed to first principal factors influenced the seeds yield; similarly, net photosynthetic efficiency of leaves and seed number per silique were attributed to second principal factor influenced the seed yield. Significantly, leaf area and biological yield was correlated, the silique surface area, leaf surface area and leaf net photosynthetic efficiency were statistically attributed to primary or second principal factors influenced biological production of a rape plant. Thus leaf area and silique number per plant are primary indexes, and leaf net photosynthesis efficiency, chlorophyll content of leaves and silique shell, and, seed number per silique are second indexes in assessing rape variety with high light efficiency and high yield.