Aster sinianus Hand.Mazz. (Asteraceae: Astereae) is a perennial endemic herb in the adjacent areas of Hunan and Jiangxi Provinces, where two new distributions of A. sinianus Hand.Mazz were found through the field acquisition and habitat observation. And this species has been confirmed further to have become extinct in its typelocality, the Yuelu Mountain of Changsha, capital of Hunan Province. Hence, to recover the populations in the typelocality, several A. sinianus plants were transplanted back to the Yuelu Mountain from Shashi Town of Liuyang City. The morphological studies show that in previous literatures there are some inaccurate descriptions of this species, such as the descriptions of its basilar leaves, plant height, stem leaves,paleates and altitude, etc. Based on the observation of its morphological traits, this paper studied the systematic status of A. sinianus, and its karyotype was reported for the first time as well. The research results show that A. sinianus is diploids with a karyotype formula 2n=2x=16m+2m(SAT),belonged to 1A type. The paper provides some valuable information for the revision of its taxonomic status and the species conservation.