The micromorphology of glumes for 20 species and 2 varieties belonging to Aniselytron and its related genera of Poaceae was examined by scanning electron microscope. The results showed that: (1) the glumes of Aniselytron and its related genera were characterized by long tubular or short tubular intercostal long cells with markedly sinuous walls. Intercostal cork cells distributed solitary with the shape of subrotund and intercostal silica bodies were absent. The shapes of silica cells in costal zones were subrotund. Parallelsides to low dome shaped subsidiary cells were found. Prickles were frequently occurred in both costal zones and intercostal zones. Hookhairs and papillaes could be seen while no microhairs and macrohairs were found. (2) A phylogenetic tree was constructed according to the characters of glumes micromorphology. Aniselytron and Poeae clustered together, which indicated that they have a close relationship and distantly related to Calamagrostis and Deyeuxia. (3) According to the micromorphology of the glumes, we draw the conclusion that Aniselytron should not as a member of Calamagrostis s. l. and should as an independent genus be placed in Poeae.