The earliest origin of Brainea insignis, an important relict species and national rare and endangered plant, could be traced to Devonian of Paleozoic. Its evolutionary process is significant to study the palaeoflora and the origin and evolution of ferns. In order to provide theory and practice basis for the protection of B. insignis, we investigated and analyzed the characteristics of floristic composition, physiognomy, structure, species diversity and succession of B. insignis community in Jingxin reservoir area of Shenzhen City by using method of standard plot, which the results shows as following: (1) B. insignis community in Jingxin reservoir area belongs to the subtropical evergreen broadleaved forests with 72 species of vascular plants belonging to 66 genera and 45 families in the 16 quadrats of 1 600 m². Except for cosmopolitan, the geographical elements of genera are predominated by tropical one, accounting for 88.33% of total of nonworld genera. (2) The vertical structure of community can be divided into tree layer (with two sublayers), shrub layer and herb layer, and the liana among layers are abundant. Based on analysis of the importance value of different populations, it indicates that the Schefflera octophylla, B. insignis, Psychotria rubra, Itea chinensis and Aporusa dioica are belonged to dominant populations, and the important values are 53%, 38%, 28%, 23% and 22%, respectively. (3) Based on analysis of age structure, A. dioica, I. chinensis and Litsea rotundifolia populations all belong to the increasing population, but B. insignis population belongs to the declining population. These population age structures indicated that the community is situated with a vigorous development stage and the B. insignis population will be eliminated as time goes on. And (4) the frequency distribution law of the community in the study area is A >B >C >D < E, which is in accordance with the Lshaped curve of Raunkiaer. By comparing with those of other neighboring regions, the B. insignis community in Jingxin reservoir area of Shenzhen City shows the lower species richness, which is likely to affected by the sea breeze and human activities, so the necessary intervention and measures should be taken to protect the B. insignis community on some extant, for example, to eliminate upper deadwood, withered vine, and strengthen transparency under forest, so as to obtain more illumination.